Abstract: The western learning books compiled from 1880 to 1904 are now in a series, which mainly
reflect the diachronic changes in the cognition of western learning. Analysis by name, this batch of
bibliography has the different appellation such as translation book, western learning, thing learning, new
learning, science almost. From the perspective of connotation, it has experienced a process of continuous
expansion from pattern and structure (natural science) to social science and then to humanities. However,
the change of classification system involves the determination of the focus of western learning and the
balance of the academic value of different literatures, which has become a systematic statement of academic
transformation. Therefore, the development of bibliography of western learning is not only the evolution of
literature order, but also the evolution of academic coordinates. It presents different standards to measure
the value of knowledge and different schemes to distribute knowledge power, and directly corresponds to
the path selection of the future and destiny of a country in different contexts

Key words: Western learning, Directory items, Numerous affairs of state, Constitutional reform and modernization.