Abstract: Understanding the challenges and problems in open science can better inform theoretical research and practical development. Using a systematic review approach, we analyzed 174 relevant papers and identified key challenges and problems through cluster analysis. The findings reveal that open science faces not only a range of overarching problems and challenges, but also field-specific issues in areas such as open data, open access, citizen science, open educational resources, and open-source software. The healthy development of open science should be promoted through multi-dimensional measures such as cultivating an open science culture, improving the ability of stakeholders, optimizing management mechanisms, strengthening financial and technological support, formulating and improving policies and regulations, and strengthening safety and ethics norms.