Abstract: The quality evaluation standards for ancient books in public libraries serve as an important basis for measuring the level of ancient book work in public libraries. They are of great significance for the development of ancient book protection, the excavation of ancient book content, and the dissemination of excellent traditional Chinese culture. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the seven national evaluation standards for public libraries at or above the county level, the review and scoring criteria for nationally designated key ancient book preservation institutions, the current standards of the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), and representative standards and guidelines from foreign public libraries. Based on existing theories of ancient book protection, a theoretical framework for evaluating the quality of ancient book work in public libraries is constructed across four dimensions: primary protection, regenerative protection, inheritable protection, and intelligent protection. And a standard system for evaluating the quality of ancient book work in public libraries is established. At the same time, fully considering the current practice of ancient book protection and public library evaluation, a mechanism for evaluating ancient book work, platform statistics, differentiated implementation, and normalized development of evaluation are proposed to promote the implementation and development of quality evaluation standards for ancient books work.Keywords