As Library Services Platforms(LSPs) evolve into large-scale, federated, and intelligent architectures, early system architectures centered on self-built middleware have gradually revealed limitations in scalability, operational stability, and support for complex business scenarios. As a leading international open-source library service platform, FOLIO is transitioning from the Okapi architecture to the Eureka architecture, marking a shift in open-source LSPs from a feature-driven technical framework to a foundational platform system oriented towards long-term operation and large-scale applications. This paper, combining the evolutionary characteristics of platform-based information systems with cloud-native architecture technology, compares and analyzes the two generations of FOLIO's core architecture from three perspectives: underlying operational environment support, service organization and management, and technical adaptation to intelligent application scenarios. The results show that, by introducing standardized components such as container orchestration, service registration, and configuration management, the Eureka architecture demonstrates significant advantages in system scalability, platform stability, and operational controllability. It also provides a more unified and scalable operational foundation for the access to intelligent service modules and intelligent agent applications. Based on this, this paper further analyzes the reference value of FOLIO architecture evolution for the planning of next-generation library service platforms and the development of digital infrastructure, taking into account the practical needs of platform integration, system collaboration and intelligent service deployment in the construction of smart libraries in China. 

The introduction of digital and intelligent technologies has expanded the functional boundaries of libraries, while service process reengineering is becoming the core driver of their development in the GenAI era. At the new stage of transformation driven by digital technology, library service systems are undergoing a profound shift from mere technology adoption to process reengineering. From the four perspectives of systems, tasks, users, and services, this study analyzes the mechanism of service process reengineering oriented toward technological integration, the human-machine division of labor, human-AI relations, and context awareness. It further proposes a smart-library service architecture spanning five dimensions: infrastructure, data repositories, management information systems, platform operations, and physical space. The study further argues that deepening user-centered value creation within libraries, building an interlibrary collaborative ecosystem grounded in data interconnectivity, and constructing a smart service network for knowledge sharing are key directions for advancing smart-library service systems. Grounded in the practice of library digital-intelligent transformation and guided by a dual-drive approach based on demands and scenarios, this research both deepens understanding of service process reengineering and offers actionable strategies for the construction of smart-library service systems.

Fiction, Classification, Genre classification, Readerinterest classification

Focusing on the pathway selection and implementation for the high-quality development of public libraries, this study employs grounded theory to systematically review relevant academic research findings and extract valuable insights into development pathways. Within the conceptual framework of high-quality development, a three-dimensional pathway model is constructed, consisting of foundational, core, and driving pathways. Through discourse analysis, the study explores the intrinsic relationships and operational mechanisms among these pathways, and argues that the high-quality development of public libraries requires their coordinated advancement. The practical application of the three-dimensional pathway model should be configured differently according to real-world contexts. Based on three case analyses, the study designs application schemes for different scenarios: the revitalization plan for libraries with weak foundations, prioritizing the foundational and core pathways; the transformation pathway for libraries with significant comprehensive strength in overall capacity, integrating all three pathways; and the advancement pathway for leading libraries, emphasizing the driving pathway based on the core pathway.

As a special type of documentary resource, rubbings face many challenges in cataloging. An analysis of the cataloging practices of major libraries in China reveals some prominent problems in CNMARC-based cataloging of rubbings, such as inconsistent use of codes, lack of key fields and considerable variation in descriptive practices, all of which constrain the development and utilization of rubbing resources. To solve these problems, we can improve the efficiency of cataloging and promote the standardization of online union cataloging for rubbings by unifying fields and subfields, improving standards for core fields, unifying description rules, compiling standardized cataloging examples, building a professional training system, and applying modern technologies such as optical character recognition(OCR),so as to promote the digital preservation and sharing of this precious cultural heritage.

The Library Reference Model(LRM), a high-level conceptual model under the entity-relationship framework, is the most important conceptual model developed by IFLA nowadays. ISBD for Manifestation(ISBDM) is the latest exploration of the IFLA LRM conceptual model in IFLA's bibliographic standards and constitutes a brand-new attempt in the field of cataloging. As an independently usable metadata standard, ISBDM has a brand-new structure, a scope of coverage close to ISBD, and active coordination with other standards like UNIMARC and RDA. The study of ISBDM can help clarify the exploration direction of IFLA in entity-relationship cataloging, which will help the internationalization and standardization of Chinese cataloging.

The adaptive reuse of old buildings as new public cultural spaces is an innovative practice of regeneration of old buildings, which plays an important role in empowering urban and rural public scenes with embedded, reconstructed and renewed new public cultural spaces. In this paper, through online research and case study, nine representative renovation cases in China were selected as the objects of analysis. It investigates and analyzes these cases in terms of the original conditions of the old buildings, functional changes, changes in spatial layouts, and the renovation methods and operation, as well as summarizing the space design characteristics of such transformation. Based on these findings, the study puts forward the following suggestions for the adaptive reuse projects: paying attention to the overall planning and constructing scientific and reasonable transformation programs; exploring local characteristics and highlighting the historical and cultural preservation of important spatial forms; creating diverse scenarios to promote the indepth fusion of industries; and building up distinctive brands to establish replicable and transferable models of practice.

This article is the second in a series of studies in the author's classic reading. Based on the research on what classics are, it attempts to answer the ancient yet fresh question of why we should read the classics. The article takes a holistic perspective to examine and interpret the patterns and characteristics of the development of literature. Specifically, it explores six dimensions reflected in the development of classic literature and the promotion of classic reading: the logic of origins, the logic of selection, the logic of peaks, the logic of masterpieces, the logic of collective wisdom, and the logic of rereading. Through interpreting and analyzing the historical patterns of the development of interpretive and classic literature, it recognizes the inherent rationale for reading the classics.

Against the backdrop of data elements becoming core production factors and trusted data spaces being incorporated into national new-type infrastructure, proactive integration of research libraries into trusted data spaces is a key pathway for them to break through development bottlenecks and realize value increment. Based on the layout context of trusted data spaces and the transformation needs of research libraries, this paper systematically explores the logic, pathways, and role value of their integration into trusted data spaces. The findings indicate that the two are mutually enabling and can empower each other. Research libraries can help address gaps in the development of trusted data spaces, while trusted data spaces can meet the transformation needs of research libraries. The paper further constructs the “Technology-Institution-Resource” ternary co-evolution framework, and discusses the integration pathways of research libraries from three core dimensions: data circulation technologies, data governance institutions, and data resource foundations. Finally, the paper analyzes the roles that research libraries can assume in trusted data spaces and reveals their corresponding value, providing theoretical and practical references for research libraries to participate more deeply in the construction of national data infrastructure and enhance their industry discourse power.

The rise of “AI for Science” has made scientific data a foundational and strategic resource for global technological innovation. This study analyzes three representative cases of trusted scientific data spaces. It maps the relationships among six key participating entities: initiators/supervisory authorities, collaborating/co-managing organizations, platform operators, third-party service providers, data providers, and data users. The study finds that the value networks of trusted scientific data spaces are characterized by four key features: the multi-functional role of initiators/supervisory authorities, the high specialization of participants, the dual nature of data value, and the predominance of public funding. At the same time, four major challenges are identified: weak oversight mechanisms, insufficient adoption of emerging technologies, limited capacity for market value creation, and underdeveloped profit models. In response, the optimization strategies are proposed to provide theoretical guidance for building trusted scientific data spaces in China

The construction of a framework for cultivating AI literacy for university librarians can meet the needs of digital transformation. A survey of university librarians in the Yellow River Basin reveals several challenges in AI literacy, such as unsystematic cognition, insufficient technical proficiency, weak practical capability and weak ethical awareness, which manifest as obstacles to the transformation of discrete knowledge into systematic capabilities. Based on Bloom's taxonomy, the study follows five principles of hierarchical progression, coordinated development, practice orientation, multidimensional evaluation, and differentiated cultivation. The six levels of cognitive process are reconstructed into three progressive levels of knowledge structuring, skill contextualization, and value innovation, which are integrated with four dimensions of AI literacy: AI awareness, skills, application and ethics, thereby forming a framework for cultivating AI literacy for university librarians. It further proposes implementation strategies such as tiered cultivation, skill improvement, project-based learning, ethical integration and guarantee mechanism, addressing the disconnect between knowledge transfer and ability cultivation in traditional training.

This study applies an integrated approach that combines the BERTopic model with Large Language Models(LLMs) to systematically analyze 1160 domestic research articles on AI literacy. Twenty core research topics are identified and further categorized into three major research directions: the integration of intelligent technologies with educational and academic frontiers; multidimensional integration driven by policy and societal needs; and context-based practices that deepen the integration of education and intelligent technologies. The findings suggest that AI literacy research in China has gradually formed a “technology-practice-institution-theory” ecosystem, while notable challenges remain, including imbalanced research orientations, underdeveloped evaluation frameworks, and the absence of long-term perspectives. Building on these insights, the study highlights the role of university libraries as essential hubs connecting technology, education, and society, and proposes three practical pathways: constructing an inclusive AI literacy education ecosystem, developing a localized evaluation framework, and advancing long-term scenario-based educational programs. These recommendations aim to contribute to both the theoretical enrichment and practical innovation of AI literacy education.

As a world-renowned critical and reflective historian of librarianship, Wayne A. Wiegand has reconstructed the historical narrative of American public libraries and their professional systems through his unique theoretical perspective. This paper systematically reviews his representative works, conducts a detailed analysis of core texts, and distills Wiegand's key arguments on the American library profession. It then compares and analyzes his ideas with Michel Foucault's “knowledge-power-discourse” theoretical framework. The study finds that Wiegand's critical practice was deeply influenced by Foucault's philosophy. His reflections focused on public libraries and their professional systems as institutionalized domains where power and discourse operated implicitly. He systematically revealed the cultural disciplining and social reproduction functions embedded within these domains. This critical approach not only challenges conventional understandings of the democratic role and professional neutrality of libraries but also demonstrates the explanatory power and theoretical productivity of philosophical theory in the field of library history research. Wiegand's research has had a profound impact on the American library community and provides important insights for the development of library services and theoretical research in other countries and regions around the world. For China's library community, Wiegand's research not only stimulates reflective self-awareness among disciplinary actors but also demonstrates how philosophical insights can be transformed into disciplinary reflective capacity. As China's library science advances towards the strategic goal of constructing an autonomous knowledge system, employing the practical functions of philosophical criticism to maintain reflection on institutional structures, technologies, and discursive power may help strengthen the theoretical foundations of an autonomous knowledge system for the discipline.

In 19th-century Britain, circulating libraries offering book-borrowing paid services flourished, with the most influential one being the Mudie's Select Library founded by Charles Edward Mudie. Since its establishment in 1842, Mudie's Library achieved remarkable success through advanced marketing strategies and innovative business practices. It not only generated substantial profits but also profoundly shaped public reading culture in Victorian Britain through economic means. Under its influence, three-volume novels, rigorously vetted for moral compliance, became the dominant literary form in British fiction. British reading culture exhibited a trend toward popularization, while the status and impact of female readers began to rise significantly.

Since the Late Qing Dynasty, a large number of Dunhuang manuscripts have scattered overseas. Their physical repatriation is difficult to advance comprehensively due to legal, financial and other constraints. The regenerative repatriation pathways for the dispersed Dunhuang manuscripts encompass traditional methods such as transcription and photography during book-hunting trips, microfilm reproduction, photocopied publication, and critical edition publication, as well as new forms including full-text digitization, digital donation, online database platforms, and digital exhibitions, which reflect the multidimensional nature of the manuscripts' return. However, the repatriation process still faces several problems such as limited resource coverage and a low level of integration, international legal conflicts restricting resource utilization, as well as low utilization efficiency and shallow service levels. Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen the investigation of overseas collections, actively participate in rule-making to enhance discourse power, improve platform functions to enhance user experience, and increase the participation of all parties. Furthermore, technological empowerment should be utilized to avoid the phenomenon of “emphasizing repatriation while neglecting utilization”.

These sixteen colophons chiefly record the past interactions between the author and contemporary scholars, as well as offers evaluations of art and assessments of editions，thus serving as a valuable references for researchers in bibliographical studies.