Abstract: This paper introduces the background of Shanghai Literature Exhibition in 1937, details its specific process from the aspects of objective, organizer, date and venue, chronicles of events in preparation, numbers, types, characteristics and sources of items on display, processing and storage of displayed items, exhibition and follow-up operations. The author also analyzes its influence on enhancing patriotism, protection of local literature, the relationship between literature collection and use, and the understanding of Shanghai culture.