Abstract: As an important cultural carrier of cultural heritage, special collection spaces in libraries face multiple challenges in data governance, such as multimodal integration, dynamic preservation, and service innovation. This article proposes a virtual-real fusion data governance model for library special collection services, centered on digital twin technology and a data governance theoretical framework. This model follows four principles: full lifecycle management, user demand orientation, security and compliance, and scalability and flexibility. At the same time, it constructs a governance framework consisting of six layers: the physical perception layer, data relationship layer, data transformation layer, digital twin core layer, service application layer, and security governance layer. This article takes the Li Zhengdao Library of Shanghai Jiao Tong University as an example to demonstrate how to use digital twin technology to achieve dynamic preservation, knowledge association, and interactive visualization services of its special collections through digital governance and application practices. The research results indicate that digital twin technology can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of library special collection services, enhance user participation, and provide new ideas and methods for the digital preservation and inheritance of cultural heritage.