网络虚假健康信息研究综述：认知、行为与治理

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文章旨在对网络虚假健康信息的研究成果进行系统性回顾和分析，以期为学者研究虚假健康信息、打击网络虚假健康信息、提升健康信息服务质量奠定基础。本文从虚假健康信息的概念出发，对国内外网络虚假健康信息已有研究进行系统梳理和述评，对文献的研究主题从认知、行为、治理3个方面进行归类总结。研究发现目前网络虚假健康信息的研究还存在很多空白，文章总结了现有研究的现状与不足，希望可以为相关研究提供依据和指引。

关键词:

虚假健康信息健康谣言虚假健康信息治理信息认知

Abstract: This paper aims to systematically review and analyze the research results of online health misinformation, to lay a foundation for scholars to study health misinformation, fight against online health misinformation, and improve the quality of health information service. Based on the concept of health misinformation, this paper systematically reviews the existing research on health misinformation on the Internet, and summarizes and categorizes the research topics of the literature from three aspects, namely, recognition, action and governance. The study finds that there are still many gaps in the study of online health misinformation. It summarizes the current status and deficiencies of the existing research, hoping to provide basis and guidance for related research.

Key words:

Health misinformation, Health rumors, Health misinformation monitoring, Information

recognition

邓胜利顾一飞（武汉大学信息资源研究中心）.

网络虚假健康信息研究综述：认知、行为与治理

[J]. 图书馆杂志, 2022, 41(5): 14-22.

Deng Shengli, GuYifei(Center for Studies of Information Resources, Wuhan University).

A Review of Online Health Misinformation: Recognition,Action and Governance

[J]. Libraly Journal, 2022, 41(5): 14-22.

参考文献

[ 1 ] Americans believe they can detect fake news. Studies show they can’t [EB/OL]. [2020-10-20]. https:// www.forbes.com/sites/brettedkins/2016/12/20/ americans-believe-they-can-detect-fake-news- studies-show-they-cant/#1f4c85cf4022.
[ 2 ] Fallis Don. What Is Disinformation[J]. Library Trends，2015，63（3）：401–426.
[ 3 ] Natascha A Karlova，Jin Ha Lee. Notes from the Underground City of Disinformation：A Conceptual Investigation[C]. In Proceedings of the ASIST Annual Meeting. 2011，48（1）：1–9.
[ 4 ] M C Sullivan.“Why librarians can’t fight fake news”[J]. Librariansh. Inf. Sci.，2019，51（4）： 1146–1156.
[ 5 ] 曾祥敏，王孜. 健康传播中的虚假信息扩散机制与网络治理研究 [J]. 现代传播（中国传媒大学学报），2019，41（6）：34–40.
[ 6 ] 王祎.“微健康”，还是“伪健康”——浅析微信伪健康信息传播中的“冰山”表达 [J]. 传媒观察，2016（9）：22–23.
[ 7 ] Kumar S，Shah N. False Information On Web and Social Media：A Survey[J]. arXiv Preprint arXiv： 1804.08559，2018.
[ 8 ] 毕子悠. 从“第三人效果”看社交媒体虚假健康信息传播原因及对策[J]. 传播力研究，2019，3（12）： 220.
[ 9 ] Fogg B J，J Marshall，O Laraki，et al. What Makes Web Sites Credible？A Report on a Large Quantitative Study[C]. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-Proceedings. 2001： 61–68. [10] 宋士杰，赵宇翔，宋小康，等. 互联网环境下失真健康信息可信度判断的影响因素研究 [J]. 中国图书馆学报，2019，45（4）：72–85.
[11] 张秀，李月琳. 年龄梯度视角下网络用户健康信息甄别能力研究 [J]. 情报学报，2019，38（8）： 838–848.
[12] C M Greene，G Murphy. Individual differences in susceptibility to false memories for COVID-19 fake news[J]. Cogn. Res. Princ. Implic.，2020，5（1）： 1–8.
[13] H K Kim，J Ahn，L Atkinson，et al. Effects of COVID-19 Misinformation on Information Seeking， Avoidance，and Processing：A Multicountry Comparative Study[J]. Sci. Commun.，2020，42（5）：586–615.
[14] Zhang Liwei，Kelin Chen，He Jiang，et al. How the Health Rumor Misleads People’s Perception in a Public Health Emergency：Lessons from a Purchase Craze during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health，2020，17（19）： 1–15.
[15] Z Bastick. Would you notice if fake news changed your behavior？An experiment on the unconscious effects of disinformation[J]. Computers in Human Behavior，2020，116（6）：106633.
[16] M Ebnali，C Kian. Nudge users to healthier decisions： A design approach to encounter misinformation in health forums[C]. International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics. Springer， Cham，2019：3–12.
[17] Stinne Glasdam，Sigrid Stjernsw?rd. Information about the COVID-19 Pandemic–A Thematic Analysis of Different Ways of Perceiving True and Untrue Information[J]. Social Sciences & Humanities Open，2020，2（1）：1–10.
[18] Lee S K，Lindsey N J，Kim S K，et al. The Effects of News Consumption via Social Media and News Information Overload on Perceptions of Journalistic Norms and Practices[J]. Computers in Human Behavior，2017，75：254–263.
[19] E K Vraga，L Bode. Using Expert Sources to Correct Health Misinformation in Social Media Sci[J]. Commun.，2017，39（5）：621–645.
[20] Vraga，Emily K，Leticia Bode. Using Expert Sources to Correct Health Misinformation in Social Media[J]. Science Communication，2017，39（5）： 621–645.
[21] 杨洸，闻佳媛. 微信朋友圈的虚假健康信息纠错：平台、策略与议题之影响研究 [J]. 新闻与传播研究，2020，27（8）：26–43；126. [22] Simon Tomer，Avishay Goldberg，Bruria Adini. Socializing in Emergencies — A Review of the Use of Social Media in Emergency Situations[J]. International Journal of Information Management， 2015，35（5）：609–619.
[23] A Shehata. Health Information behaviour during COVID-19 outbreak among Egyptian library and information science undergraduate students[J]. Information Development，2021，37（3）：417–430.
[24] 位志广，宋小康，朱庆华，等. 基于随机森林的健康谣言分享意愿研究[J]. 现代情报，2020，40（5）： 78–87.
[25] M Yang. Health Information Literacy of the Older Adults and Their Intention to Share Health Rumors：An Analysis from the Perspective of Socioemotional Selectivity Theory[C]// International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Springer，Cham，2019：97–108.
[26] Gu Rui，Meng Xiang Li. Investigating the Psychological Mechanism of Individuals’ Health Misinformation Dissemination on Social Media[C]. International Conference on Information Systems. Springer，Cham. 2020：0–9.
[27] Bampo M，Ewing M T，Mather D R，et al. The Effects of the Social Structure of Digital Networks on Viral Marketing Performance[J]. Information Systems Research 2008，19（3）：273–290.
[28] Cai Y，Zhu D. Understanding Factors Influencing Users’ Retweeting Behavior—A Theoretical Perspective[C]. Proceedings of the 19th Americas Conference on Information Systems Chicago， Illinois，August 15–17，2013.
[29] L Singh，L Bode，C Budak，et al. Understanding high- and low-quality URL Sharing on COVID-19 Twitter streams [J]. Comput. Soc. Sci.，2020，3（2）： 343–366.
[30] Yan Zhijun，Wang Tianmei，Chen Yi，et al. Knowledge Sharing in Online Health Communities： A Social Exchange Theory Perspective[J]. Information and Management，2016，53（5）： 643–653.
[31] A Ad d awo o d，P Ba l a k uma r，J Di e s n e r. Categorization and Comparison of Influential Twitter Users and Sources Referenced in Tweets for Two Health-Related Topics[C]. International Conference on Information. Springer，Cham. 2019：639–646. [32] Gr a n d A. S o c i a l n e two r k s a n d p o p u l a r understanding of science and health：Sharing disparities[J]. Journal of Science Communication， 2014，13（4）：51–53.
[33] O O Durodolu，S K Ibenne. The fake news infodemic vs information literacy Libr[J]. Hi Tech News，2020，37（7）：13–14.
[34] Sun Zhonggen，Cheng Xin，Zhang Ruilian，et al. Factors Influencing Rumour Re-Spreading in a Public Health Crisis by the Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health，2020， 17（18）：1–14.
[35] Cheng Yang，Luo Yunjuan. The Presumed Influence of Digital Misinformation：Examining US Public’s Support for Governmental Restrictions versus Corrective Action in the COVID-19 Pandemic[J]. Online Information Review，2021，45（4）：834–852.
[36] 宋小康，赵宇翔，宋士杰，等. 基于 MOA 理论的健康谣言分享意愿影响因素研究 [J]. 情报学报， 2020，39（5）：511–520.
[37] Wen Ying Sylvia Chou，Yvonne M Hunt，Ellen Burke Beckjord，et al. Social Media Use in the United States：Implications for Health Communication[J]. Journal of Medical Internet Research，2009，11（4）：1–12.
[38] Jung Jae Lee，Kyung-Ah Kang，Man Ping Wang，et al. Associations between COVID-19 misinformation exposure and belief with COVID- 19 knowledge and preventive behaviors：A cross- sectional online study（Preprint），”J. Med. Internet Res.，2020，22（11）：1–13.
[39] Zhang Liwei，Chen Kelin，Jiang He，et al. How the Health Rumor Misleads People’s Perception in a Public Health Emergency：Lessons from a Purchase Craze during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health，2020，17（19）： 1–15.
[40] E Sober. The Primacy of Truth Telling and the Evolution of Lying. From a Biological Point of View：Essays in Evolutionary Philosophy[M]. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，1994： 71–92.
[41] M Chong. Network typology，information sources，and messages of the infodemic twitter network under COVID-19[J]. Proc. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol.，2020，57（1）：2–5.
[42] Zhang Xichen，Ali A Ghorbani. An Overview of Online Fake News：Characterization，Detection， and Discussion[J]. Information Processing and Management，2020，57（2）：102025.
[43] 於张闲，冒宇清，胡孔法. 基于深度学习的虚假健康信息识别 [J]. 软件导刊，2020，19（3）： 16–20.
[44] Y Zhao，J Da，J Yan. Detecting health misinformation in online health communities：Incorporating behavioral features into machine learning based approaches[J]. Information Processing and Management，2021，58（1）：102390.
[45] Nathan Walter，John J Brooks，Camille J Saucier， et al. Evaluating the Impact of Attempts to Correct Health Misinformation on Social Media：A Meta- Analysis[J]. Health Communication，2021，36（4）： 1776–1784.
[46] C Lanius，R Weber，W I MacKenzie.Use of bot and content flags to limit the spread of misinformation among social networks：a behavior and attitude survey[J]. Soc. Netw. Anal. Min.，2021，11（1）： 1–15.
[47] 秦聿亭. 突发公共卫生事件中健康类谣言的特点分析——以新冠肺炎疫情期间“双黄连”事件为例 [J]. 新闻研究导刊，2020，11（20）：104–105.
[48] 马超. 健康议题辟谣社群的类别构成与社群结构研究——基于多主体谣言协同治理的视角 [J]. 情报杂志，2019，38（1）：96–105.
[49] L Sun，P C I Pang，Y W Si. Roles of information propagation of Chinese microblogging users in epidemics：a crisis management perspective[J]. Internet Res.，2020，31（2）：540–561.
[50] 李宗敏，张琪，杜鑫雨. 基于辟谣微博的互动及热门评论情感倾向的辟谣效果研究——以新冠疫情相关辟谣微博为例 [J]. 情报杂志，2020，39（11）： 90–95；110.
[51] 冯静，陈婷. 疫情信息传播中海外虚假信息的防范 [J]. 青年记者，2020（21）：51–52.
[52] Oh Hyun Jung，Hyegyu Lee. When Do People Verify and Share Health Rumors on Social Media？ The Effects of Message Importance，Health Anxiety，and Health Literacy[J]. Journal of Health Communication，2019，24（11）：837–847.
[53] 马天娇. 大数据时代微信虚假健康信息传播现状及治理 [J]. 新闻世界，2017（1）：56–58.
[54] J Zhou，B Ghose，R Wang，et al. Health Perceptions and Misconceptions Regarding COVID-19 in China： Online Survey Study Corresponding Author[J]. Journal of Medical Internet Research，2020，22（11）： 1–15.

[55] Tian Yong，Fan Rong，Ding Xuejun，et al. Predicting Rumor Retweeting Behavior of Social Media Users in Public Emergencies[J]. IEEE Access，2020，8： 87121–87132.

[56] Kumar，K P Krishna，G Geethakumari. Detecting Misinformation in Online Social Networks Using Cognitive Psychology[J]. Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences，2014，4（1）：1–22.