图书馆杂志

图书馆杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 139-147.

• 文献考论 • 上一篇    下一篇

《佛说痔病经》文献考述兼论中印医学文化交流

赵雅琛 王兴伊(上海中医药大学中医药科技人文研究院)    

  • 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 赵雅琛 女,上海中医药大学科技人文研究院,博士研究生。研究方向:中医医史文献。作者贡献:论文构思、撰写与修改定稿。E-mail:793798644@qq.com上海 201203 王兴伊 上海中医药大学科技人文研究院,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:医古文、中医医史文献、出土医学文献、少数民族医学文献教学与研究。作者贡献:论文审校与修改。 上海 201203

The Buddha’s Sutra on Hemorrhoids and the Cultural Exchange between India and China  

Zhao Yachen, Wang Xingyi (Institute of Chinese Medicine Science and Humanities, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)   

  • Online:2022-07-15 Published:2022-07-19
  • Contact: Zhao Yachen, Wang Xingyi (Institute of Chinese Medicine Science and Humanities, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

摘要: 《佛说痔病经》是义净从印度翻译而来的一卷密教文献,对痔病描述颇具特色。其内容 见于敦煌文书 S.5379、《大正藏》《医心方》、西夏写卷 ИHB.NO.807。经研究发现 S.5379 时代最早, 与后三种写本有差异,当各抄自不同底本。其内容里关于痔病的描述可发现是受到印度传统医学 阿育吠陀昙梵陀利学派的影响较大,阿育吠陀对痔病的认识由身体各部位皆可长出“痔”,逐渐缩 小至仅描述肛周疾病,由广义至狭义。该经卷先在中国的中原传播,又返传敦煌、黑水城,后又 传至日本,流传甚广,并影响中医对痔病的认识,使中医之“痔”由肛周疾病扩大至鼻痔、耳痔 等其他部分的赘生物,由狭义至广义。该经卷保留中印文化交流互鉴的重要痕迹,在浓墨重彩的 中印文化交流史上留下宝贵的史料。

Abstract: The Buddha’s Sutra on Hemorrhoids is a Tantric text translated by Yi Jing from India, with a distinctive description of hemorrhoids. The text is found in Dunhuang manuscripts S.5379, the Dazhengzang, the Medical Heart Formula, and the Xixia Scroll IHB. NO.807. According to research findings, S.5379 is the earliest manuscript and differs from the latter three. Each of them must have been copied from a different source. Its contents reflect the understanding that haemorrhoids are greatly influenced by Indian Ayurvedic medicine, which believes that the haemorrhoids can be found on all parts of the body and gradually shrink, describing only perianal diseases, from a broad to a narrow sense. However, the sutra was first spread in the Middle Kingdom of China, then back to Dunhuang, Heishui City and later to Japan. It also influenced the understanding of haemorrhoids in Chinese medicine, expanding from a perianal disease to other parts of the body, such as nasal and ear haemorrhoids. The meaning of the word ‘haemorrhoid’ was further expanded from a narrow to a broad sense. The sutra thus preserves the traces of cultural exchange between India and China, leaving a valuable historical legacy in the rich history of cultural exchange between India and China.