美国公共图书馆服务使用变化原因的主题分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

美国公共图书馆对民众的生活和工作具有重要作用，但近年来出现了较大的使用波动情况。本文以皮尤美国公共图书馆服务调研中用户陈述的使用变化原因为样本，基于质性分析工具Nvivo和SPSS Text Analytics对原因内容进行主题提取，借助Pajek和VOSviewer构建主题间的语义关联网络并实现可视化展示，在对主题关联网络社区划分的基础上总结归纳当前美国民众公共图书馆使用习惯变化的原因。首先，儿童及青少年的教育、传统资源和服务以及便利性是增加公共图书
馆使用的主要原因；而互联网和信息技术、家庭生活方式的改变及对电子资源和服务需求增多，是导致民众减少使用的主要因素。其次，信息技术的作用具有双重性，图书馆的免费网络服务和技能培训增加了其使用，而高收入和高学历用户也因信息技术的便捷减少了前往公共图书馆的次数。最后，公共图书馆应利用信息技术创新其无线和移动服务方式，丰富基于信息技术的教育培训和社区活动，增加不同层次的用户黏性。同时，本文发现使用习惯变化反映出美国民众的分层现象，未来笔者将展开民众属性特征与原因主题的关联分析，以期得到更加深入的研究结论。

关键词:

美国公共图书馆, 服务使用变化, 主题分析

Abstract:

Public libraries play an important role in the life and work of Americans, yet the latter’s use of libraries has taken a more noticeable change in recent years. The paper, quoting the reasons stated by surveyed patrons for their change in library use, extracts the themes by way of Nvivo and SPSS Text
Analytics. It then builds the semantic map between these themes by Pajek and VOSviewer, and visualize the result. Education of kids and teens, traditional resources and services, and the convenient access are the major reasons for the increase of library use; whereas the Internet technology, lifestyle change, and the growing need of electronic resources and services lead to the decrease of library use. In the meanwhile,information technology has influenced the library use in both ways: the free internet access and skills training encourage people to use library, but library also loses readers of high income and/or high education to the more convenient technologies. That said, however, public libraries do innovate their services according to the technical surge in an attempt to retain patrons. The paper also notices the class issue as betrayed by the different changes in library use, and plans a further analysis that studies the correlation between class,demographics and behavioral change in library use.

Key words:

Public libraries in the United States, Change in library use, Thematic analysis

胡吉明杨宁巍. 美国公共图书馆服务使用变化原因的主题分析[J]. 图书馆杂志, 2017, 36(5): 98-104.

Hu Jiming, Yang Ningwei. Thematic Analysis of Change in Use of American Public Libraries’Service[J]. Libraly Journal, 2017, 36(5): 98-104.

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